Endocrine Agents

Metformin is a biguanide antidiabetic agent used as first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus. It works primarily by decreasing hepatic glucose production and improving insulin sensitivity.

Synthetic form of endogenous thyroid hormone T4. Converted to T3 (active form) in peripheral tissues. Binds to thyroid hormone receptors, regulating gene expression for metabolism, growth, and develop

Synthetic corticosteroid prodrug converted to prednisolone (active form) in the liver. Binds to glucocorticoid receptors, modulating gene transcription to reduce inflammation and suppress immune respo

DPP-4 inhibitor for type 2 diabetes. Unique among gliptins for primarily non-renal elimination, requiring no dose adjustment in kidney disease.