Lisinopril
Zestril | Prinivil | Qbrelis
Overview
Lisinopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used to treat hypertension, heart failure, and improve survival after myocardial infarction.
Indications
- Hypertension
- Heart Failure
- Acute Myocardial Infarction
- Diabetic Nephropathy
Contraindications
- Angioedema history with ACE inhibitors
- Pregnancy
- Bilateral renal artery stenosis
Mechanism of Action
Inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), preventing conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, resulting in vasodilation and reduced aldosterone secretion.
Pharmacodynamics
Reduces blood pressure by decreasing peripheral vascular resistance. Cardioprotective effects include reduction in cardiac preload and afterload.
Pharmacokinetics
- Absorption
- Approximately 25% bioavailability. Not affected by food.
- Distribution
- Does not appear to bind to plasma proteins other than ACE.
- Metabolism
- Not metabolized.
- Excretion
- Excreted unchanged in urine.
- Half-life
- 12 hours
- Bioavailability
- 25%
- Protein Binding
- Minimal
Dosage
Typical dosage: 10-40 mg once daily
Available Forms
- Tablet
- Oral solution
Side Effects
Common
- Dry cough
- Dizziness
- Headache
- Fatigue
Serious
- Angioedema
- Hyperkalemia
- Acute kidney injury
Rare
- Agranulocytosis
- Hepatotoxicity
Drug Interactions
Increased risk of hyperkalemia.
May reduce antihypertensive effect and increase renal impairment risk.
Warnings
Drugs that act on the renin-angiotensin system can cause fetal harm. Discontinue as soon as pregnancy is detected.
Pregnancy
Category D
Toxicity
Hypotension in overdose. Treat with IV fluids and supportive care.
Overdose
Symptoms include severe hypotension. Treatment includes IV fluids, vasopressors if needed.
References
Looking for patient-friendly information? Visit RemedyDoor for easy-to-read guides about this medication.